Description
Land selection
Seed plots should be isolated and prevented from impurity, and should be more than 500 m away from other Chenopodiaceae plants. At the same time, it is required to choose well-drained, loose, moist, and fertile loam for planting.
Colonization
The sowing time can be selected in spring or autumn, and sowing in batches in September or March of the following year. It can be divided into two methods: dry sowing and wet sowing. The seedbed is convenient for irrigation and drainage. The fertile and loose plots are used as seedbeds. There should be rain and sun protection facilities. After turning the soil depth, the border width is 1~1.3 meters, the ditch width is 45~55 cm, and the ditch depth is 25 cm. Sprinkle 5-7 kilograms of decomposed high-quality farm manure in the border, apply 60-70 grams of superphosphate, and 100-200 grams of plant ash. When sowing seeds, if dry sowing is used, a shallow trench of 8~10 cm is made in the border of about 2 cm, and then the seeds are evenly spread, then rake, suppress, and water. If wet sowing is used, the sole water should be poured first, and the seeds should be spread evenly after the water has penetrated completely, and covered with about 1.5 cm of fine soil. When the fleshy roots grow to about 1 cm, water should be timely, topdressing 15 days after planting, apply 15-20 kg of ammonium sulfate and 10-15 kg of potassium sulfate per mu, and pull out weeds in time.
Field management
1. Post-emergence management
After the seedlings are Qi Miao, 2 large cotyledons spread out quickly. Before the true leaves grow, the red hypocotyls grow quickly, which is appropriate to cause lengthy growth. The greenhouse should be opened to ventilate and cool down in time according to the temperature of the shed to control the growth rate of the hypocotyls and prevent them from becoming "tall seedlings." Generally, the suitable temperature is 18~25℃ during the day and 10~12℃ at night, and the substrate moisture is kept at about 60% moist state. If the substrate is short of water, it must be replenished in time, and the water must be watered thoroughly.
2. Management requirements during the seedling stage
After the first true leaf was exposed, the hypocotyl began to bulge slightly, and the plant growth began to enter the seedling stage. When the true leaves are exposed, the temperature should be increased to promote the growth of the stems and leaves of the seedlings. The temperature should be controlled at 20-25°C during the day and 12-15°C at night. In winter, the mulch on the canopy film should be removed early and evening to maintain sufficient light. At the same time, combined with watering to increase the application of nutrient solution, watering between clear water and nutrient solution is generally used. The nutrient solution can be 1000 times of special fertilizer for nursery with the ratio of N, P, and K of 20:10:20, and the number of applications is usually one week. 2~3 times. At the same time, spray a 10,000 times solution of 20% Pythium oligandrum wettable powder for biological pesticides to prevent the occurrence of fungal diseases. During the leaf cluster growth period, it should be noted that the temperature in the cultivation border should not be too high to prevent the leaf clusters from growing too vigorously and delaying the harvesting period. It is controlled at around 20°C during the day and around 10°C at night.
3. Management requirements for the growth period of fleshy roots
After the root breaks, the number of leaves no longer increases, and the plant growth turns to the growth of fleshy roots as the center. It usually takes about 15 days from broken belly to full growth of fleshy roots. In the growth period of fleshy roots, temperature management should be appropriately lowered to increase the temperature difference between day and night, so as to promote the accumulation of nutrients in the fleshy roots and improve the quality of cherry radishes. The suitable temperature is 18~20℃ during the day and 10~15℃ at night. When the temperature exceeds 25°C during the day, it is necessary to ventilate and cool down, otherwise the plant growth will be weakened and the quality of fleshy roots will deteriorate. At the same time, it is necessary to fully ensure the supply of fertilizer and water in the management of fertilizer and water. When the water content of the substrate drops to 40% and the surface of the substrate is a bit dry when observed with the naked eye, water in time. Watering also adopts the rotation irrigation method of watering once with clear water and once with nutrient solution. After the fleshy roots are shaped, the amount of watering should be properly controlled to prevent cracks caused by excessive watering. If the water shortage is severe, not only the plants will wilt, the cotyledons and lower leaves will turn yellow, but the fleshy roots will also appear healthy and the crude fiber will increase. The commercial properties of the product are reduced, and the taste deteriorates.
The storage period of root beet can reach 200-220 days. During this period of more than 7 months, it is necessary to create suitable environmental conditions to ensure that the seed roots are not frozen or hot, and are in a good dormant state to reduce root nutrient consumption and safe passage. The vernalization stage lays a solid foundation for seed collection in the coming year. The suitable temperature during the cellar period is 0℃～2℃, and the suitable humidity is 85%-95%. If the cellar temperature is too high, the roots will sprout too long, consume nutrients, and the heavy will rot and deteriorate, causing serious losses; Low, seed roots are susceptible to freezing, rot and deterioration.
